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Dry eye is caused by an abnormality in the thin wafer of fluids that covers, lubricates and moistens the surface of the eyeball. This wafer is made up of a layer of oil, covering a layer of water, covering inner layer of mucous, which lays directly on the surface of the eye. These layers are produced by tiny glands found inside the eyelids. There is also the larger lacrimal gland, which produces the tears that cause your eye to "water" when irritated.

When there is an abnormality or imbalance in the protective wafer of fluids, the eyeball's surface can dry out and become "chapped". This causes the eye to be irritated, resulting in stimulation of the lacrimal gland and excessive tearing.

Dry eye is generally a chronic problem, and can be exacerbated by dry, windy conditions. Treatment of dry eye generally consists of artificial lubricants ("artificial tears") or other topical medications. In severe cases the use of punctal plugs, which prevent tears from exiting the eyes, are sometimes helpful.